Original Year	1994
# of pieces	1343
Categories	Cars and Trucks: Super Cars
Dimensions	60(L)x30(W)x20(H)
Features	4 wheel steering, V-8 engine, 4 speed synchronized transmission, 4 wheel independent suspension, 3 differentials, all wheel drive retractable headlights, opening boot
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8880 Super Car

Click the image to download the LDraw file of this model.
Model by Koyan

The Super Car, set 8880, was first released in 1994. I'll begin with a short personal story. 1994 is about the time that I started to collect Lego Technic. For several years I saw this set in the catalog and coveted it. Finally, after about 3 years, I decided to call up and buy it, only to find out that it had just been discontinued and was no longer available. It was almost 5 years before I got my first copy second hand, and in the intervening time it was a Holy Grail to me. For this reason, among others, I rate this as among my top 5 sets ever. The only reason I can't rate it #1 is that all 5 are so good.

The Super Car is the pinnacle of Technic design. No other set before or since has been so complex or so full featured, though a couple have come close. At 1343 pieces, it was far and away the largest set to date (since surpassed). Let's look at the feature list just to prove the point. Every wheel is sprung, driven, and steered. This means there is 4 wheel rack and pinion steering, all wheel drive using 3 differential gears, and 4 wheel independent double wishbone suspension. The wheels are linked to a 4 speed synchronized transmission, the first of its kind in Lego. There is a rear mounted V-8 reciprocating engine. There are 8 shock absorbers. The rear boot opens to reveal the engine via a marvelous linkage, and the concealed headlights can be opened via a lever on the dash.

There are a huge number of firsts here. Successfully implementing a wheel which has suspension, steering, and is driven is no small feat. This is the first time (and there have been very few others) this was done. It was accomplished with a series of parts which appear in no other set, discussed more fully below. This was the first set with 4 wheel steering (unless you count 8660 and 8830 which had 6 wheels). It was the first set with all wheel drive (though 8868 had dual driven rear axles). Although 8865 had a body of sorts, this was the first truly sculpted car body. Finally, and most importantly, a series of new parts were introduced which enabled the multi-speed synchronized transmission. This fantastic system persists to this day and has been used in several vehicles both as a gear selector and as as function selector. The stickers used in this set are unique to it, and the wheels and tires were only used one other time. The specialized wheel hubs, the shift lever, and the transmission gate are all unique to this set.

As a collection of parts, this set is also a marvel. With such a plethora of gears, plates, beams, and even unique parts, you really can't go wrong. There are 101 black Technic beams alone. The alternate model of an F-1 racing car is also worthy of note as it is very well done.

In summary, this is as good as it gets. While this set is arguably too difficult for a child to build and understand, the level of complexity, part count, and beauty make it an ideal addition to any adult collection. Go buy at least one, but two would be better. It does not seem a coincidence that the set number, 8880, has the numerically highest value of any Technic set.

Features
Aesthetics
Styling There will no doubt be some who disagree, but in my opinion this is the first Technic set which is truly beautiful. Great care was clearly taken in designing the exterior and interior styling while at the same time staying true to the Technic building style and not sacrificing functionality. This is the first set to include a large number of stickers to augment the styling. There is a Technic badge on the hood, a Technic "4x4x4" logo on the back (pictured), a pair of side mirrors, an instrument package, and labels for the gears on the shift lever of the transmission. Click the link to see a high resolution animation of the car from all angles allowing inspection of all the details.	Click for a high resolution rendered animation of the Super Car from every angle. (1150x780, 11 Mb)
Ground Effects Both the front and rear of the vehicle are adorned with spoilers and ground effects. The front bumper has a multiple level ground spoiler beneath the concealed headlights. The rear end has an upper air deflecting spoiler as well as slats closer to the ground. There are also a set of transparent red taillights and even white reverse lights. The vehicle's dual exhaust tips are also visible in this area.
Hinged Construction Though the body presents the illusion of complex compound curvature, it is in fact comprised entirely of straight lines built up from Technic beams. Angles are achieved in some places with pinned joints, but in most cases they are achieved with 1x4 hinge plates. The images at the right show a small sampling of these. In total, there are 54 sets of hinges in this set. Near the side mirror, a joint can be seen in which 4 different beams converge. Areas of the openable boot are even more complex.
Interior The white interior is nicely styled. There are a pair of bucket seats with headrests and lumbar support. A center console and armrest contain the gear shift lever. There is a lever on the dash to control the headlights and an instrument package behind the steering wheel.
Other Details The side mirrors can be adjusted for proper alignment and are decorated with stickers. The front headlights are concealable using a lever on the dash. The double convex slopes used for the lights are printed parts which are unique to this set. The Technic badge seen in the center of the hood was first seen in this set and became a symbol of the Technic line in years to come.
Technical Functions
Massive Complexity So underneath all that attractive exterior, just how complicated is this thing? The images at the right show what the car would look like with all the structure stripped away. To put things in perspective, here are some statistics: 3 differentials 51 gears (spur, pinion, crown, bevel, clutch) 4 gear racks 8 shock absorbers 8 pistons 22 chain links 85 axles 13 parts not found in any other set
Drive Train The complexity of the drive train of 8880 is unrivaled in any Technic set. As can be seen in the computer image below left, there are 3 differentials creating a fully functional all wheel drive system. The center differential is coupled to the 4 speed transmission which then connects to the engine. This latch connection actually passes through a chain loop to allow the rear steering mechanism to pass through the center. Finally, there is a V-8 engine mounted in the rear. The real magic here is that each wheel has independent suspension, steering, and is driven. Any one is easy, any two are not too hard, but all 3 required some customized solutions which can be seen in the lower right hand animation. At each corner of the vehicle is a ball gear (shown in green), the same as those previously used as part of a helicopter cyclic in 8856. The yellow hub surrounding this is unique to this set. There internal hemispherical teeth within this hub which engage the ball gear. Because the gear is spherical and so are the teeth, the hub can rotate up and down as the suspension moves and side to side as the steering moves, all while retaining a rotational connection to the axle. A custom steering arm (shown in red) surrounds the hub and acts as a bearing. The blue control arm attach via king pin ball joints forming a 4 bar linkage. This again allows both suspension travel and steering. The ball joint on the end of the steering arm connects to the steering link and rack. Finally, the white wheel snaps over the hub. The tabs on the hub lock the wheel rotation to that of the hub. The is an excellent system. The only real weakness is that the "bearing" between the hub and the steering arm has an unlubricated sliding surface so it is prone to high friction under load.
Steering All 4 wheels can be steered using a "hand of god" wheel located inconspicuously behind the seats. This wheel turns a set of 24 tooth spur gears and then a set of 14 tooth bevel gears. Next a set of 8 and 16 tooth spur gears increase the mechanical advantage. The subsequent axle runs all the way forward and all the way back to a pair of rack gears. The rack uses ball joints at each end to attach to tie rods. The tie rods connect to the steering arms with more ball joints. The steering arm itself pivots on upper and lower king pins which fit into sockets in the control arms. Note that the forward rack uses a 16 tooth pinion and the back rack uses an 8 tooth pinion. This results in the front wheels turning more than the back wheels. Note also that wheels turn in opposite directions, pointing to a common center of the turning circle. In this Technic set, the steering employs the Ackerman Principle based on the shape of the steering arms. You can see in the images that the tie rod attachments are not directly behind the kingpins, but are inboard. The result of this is that the wheel on the inside of the turn is rotated more sharply than the wheel on the outside, which is exactly what is required for a turning in a proper circle without skidding. Finally, there is a second parallel gear set which run back from the front rack, through a u-joint, to the steering wheel in the cabin. This allows the steering wheel to follow along with the wheels, or even for the steering to be driven from inside.	Click for an animation of the steering in motion.
Engine This set features a rear mounted V-8 engine with a 90 degree V angle. This is the first Technic engine to have 8 cylinders. The engine is made from cylindrical engine elements and is located above the rear differential behind the seats. It is driven by the all 4 wheels. The crankshaft is offset 1/2 stud from center, giving the pistons a stroke of 1 stud. The crank has 4 crank pins at 180 degree angles. Most V-8s have crossplane cranks with the pins at 90 degrees. While many racing V-8s do indeed have flatplane cranks like this LEGO version, they are always 0-180-180-0 instead of 0-180-0-180. The engine also has a number of aesthetic features such as an intake manifold and a 3 blade fan..	Click for an animation of the engine in motion.
Transmission Ahead of the engine, attached via a chain loop, is a 4 speed gearbox / transmission. Unlike previous auto chassis transmissions, this one does not need to be aligned to shift and can even be shifted while rotating. The first photograph shows the shift lever and gate with the 4 positions. As the lever is moved through the H-shaped gate, one or the other of the two driving rings is forced into position. Note that only one driving ring can be engaged at a time. Passing through the center of the H returns the opposite ring to center. The new driving ring is the key to everything. It slides over the ridged axle joiner which we first saw in 1993. Small tabs on the driving ring allow it to lock along these ridges, but still slide with some extra force. The driving ring grips the longitudinal grooves on the axle joiner causing them to rotate together. A circumferential groove in the middle of the ring allows it to be pushed along the axle joiner in either direction. A set of 4 driving dogs on either end then mate with a 16 tooth idler gear allowing the idler's rotation to be either synched with the axle or allowed to spin freely. The animation shows how the new driving rings work to engage and disengage the clutch/idler gears. The driving ring is shown in red. The lower axles are joined with the gray axle joiner. The driving ring rotates with the axles. At first, the driving ring is disengaged so both the dark gray and green gears are not driven and slip on the axle. The driving ring then engages the green gear and thus drives the blue gear. Because the driving ring does not use gear teeth but rather uses four tapered driving dogs, there is considerable backlash between the driving ring and the gear. The allows the driving ring to be engaged even while it and the mating idler gear are turning at different speeds. The lower left computer image is color coded to show the different gears paths for each of the 4 gears. The red parts go to the engine. The yellow center differential is the output to the wheels. You can see that the yellow axles interface with the other gears in two places: blue and green. This means that the blue and green axles are always turning at different rates, as are the blue and green idler gears. The cyan idler gear turns with the blue one, and the brown idler gear turns with the green one. Next, note that the red engine gear is linked to the purple driving ring. This means that the red and purple axles are always turning at a different rate (3X). Now let's trace each of the 4 gears starting always with the red engine axle: 1st Gear: (purple ring, blue gear) 24:8 (purple) x 8:16 (blue) x 16:16 (yellow) x 24:24 (diff) x 14x14 (bevels) x 24:16 (final diff) = 2.25:1. 2nd Gear: (purple ring, green gear) 24:8 (purple) x 16:16 (green) x 8:24 (yellow) x 24:24 (diff) x 14x14 (bevels) x 24:16 (final diff) = 1.5:1. 3rd Gear: (red ring, cyan gear) 16:16 (cyan) x 8:16 (blue) x 16:16 (yellow) x 24:24 (diff) x 14x14 (bevels) x 24:16 (final diff) = 1:1.33. 4th Gear: (red ring, brown gear) 16:16 (brown) x 16:16 (green) x 8:24 (yellow) x 24:24 (diff) x 14x14 (bevels) x 24:16 (final diff) = 1:2. Note that 3rd and 4th gears are overdrive. This would be bad for a real car and make this model difficult to motorize. But in this case, the engine is really meant to be driven by the wheels rather than the wheels by the engine. This makes the reversed gear ratios quite convenient for simply pushing the car around.	Click for an animation of the transmission shifting from above. Click for an animation of the transmission shifting from below.
Suspension All 4 wheels have independent suspension. The suspension uses the control arms parts (blue) and steering arms (white). Upper and lower ball joints form king pins, making this a double wishbone suspension. Because it is a four bar linkage, the wheel stays perpendicular to the ground throughout its travel. A pair of shock absorbers provide support. Power is driven through a pair of universal joints on each side. The pivot point of the u-joints is carefully aligned with the pivot points of the suspension so that the axles need not change length. The parts shown in green in the computer image form a suspension travel stop which limits the range of the suspension to a very small value. I'm not entirely sure why this was done as I find the model more enjoyable with them removed. The suspension in this model is quite stiff and the ground clearance quite high. Personally, I think the model looks better with the suspension fully compressed. When extended, it looks almost like an off-road vehicle. At the bottom of the page there is a view of the model with the suspension altered to allow full compression.	Click for an animation of the front suspension in motion. Click for an animation of the rear suspension in motion.
Differentials This set uses 3 of the new differential gears, one each at the front, rear, and center. Each incorporates a built in 24 tooth ring gear which works as a spur. It is the same geometry as the 24 tooth spur gear. Each differential is made to house 3 of the 14 tooth bevel gears. One is on each axle, and one planet gear in the middle allows the axles to turn at different rates. The addition of the center differential also allows the front and rear wheels to turn at different rates. As these are open differentials, it is possible for all the power to go to only one wheel if the other 3 are locked.	Click for an animation of a differential in motion.
Boot The rear "boot" (or trunk lid, or hood, depending on how you think about it) opens to reveal the engine. The linkage geometry here is quite complex. The bulk of the structure is pinned about a point on the body. However, the links which represent the rear window have a different pivot axis and even break in the middle to avoid binding the mechanism. Finally, another pair of links go down to some runners along the rear edge of the door sills. All of this can be seen much more easily in the animation. There's also a collapsible link which hold the boot in the raised position by moving over center. The rear structure where the sticker is attached is rather complicated to build and easy to mess up, in which case nothing will fit and the mechanism will bind. But when done right, it is a think of beauty.	Click for an animation of the boot opening.
Headlights The concealed headlights are comprised of double convex printed slopes which can be opened via a lever in the cabin. Rotation of the lever turns a u-joint which drives through a set of 16 tooth spur gears and then a set of 14 tooth bevel gears. Total rotation of the light axis is about 135 degrees.	Click for an animation of the headlights opening.
Wheels and Tires The wheels are enormous, wide, and flat. Only two models ever used these wheels, and only this model ever used the center locking ring. They are labeled 81.6 x 34 ZR.

Other Views
Front View	Top View
Back View	Bottom View
Side View	Side View (Lowered)

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8880 Super Car

Features

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